Ministério da Saúde apresenta metodologia para distribuição de vacinas Covid-19 por faixa etária decrescente

Com o intuito de garantir igualdade no envio de vacinas Covid-19 para todo o país, o Ministério da Saúde apresenta nesta quarta-feira (18) a metodologia de distribuição de doses para os estados e Distrito Federal por faixa etária decrescente. As doses são enviadas levando em consideração a população, acima de 18 anos, que ainda não foi vacinada em cada unidade da Federação.

Structural and procedural conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze structural and process conditions in National Immunization Program Information System establishment. METHODS: a cross-sectional study conducted in 307 vaccination rooms in the state of Minas Gerais in 2017. For data collection, a multidimensional questionnaire was used. Descriptive data analysis was performed. RESULTS: vaccination rooms have basic inputs necessary for System establishment. The greatest problems relate to professional practice. Low enrollment of population, failures in the active search for absentees, vaccine scheduling and absence of reports to monitor vaccination coverage were identified. Training was considered insufficient and ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: Immunization Information System is an essential technological innovation for the management of immunization actions. However, the production of timely records and the use of information are still challenges. Investments in training are required to ensure System's management and operationalization activities.

Campañas de vacunación contra las enfermedades víricas en España durante el siglo XX: una visión desde la prensa (1951-1986) / Vaccination campaigns against viral diseases in Spain during the 20th Century: a view from the press (1951-1986)

Desde finales del siglo XIX, fue posible luchar contra varias de las enfermedades víricas (rabia, viruela, gripe, polio, sarampión, rubéola y parotiditis), que, a lo largo del siglo XX, afectaron masivamente a la población adulta e infantil, a través de programas de vacunación que se establecieron una vez que estuvieron disponibles vacunas seguras para prevenirlas. España fue adoptando estas medidas preventivas progresivamente, especialmente a partir de su incorporación a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 1951. Cuando se promulgó la Ley General de Sanidad, en 1986, algunas de estas enfermedades habían podido controlarse y/o eliminarse mediante la vacunación sistemática. El tratamiento que ha realizado la prensa nacional de estos hechos ha sido escasamente estudiado. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la repercusión en la prensa nacional de las campañas de vacunación contra estas enfermedades víricas hasta el año 1986 y comprobar si los medios de comunicación escritos reflejaron las medidas epidemiológicas globales adoptadas por la OMS para combatirlas. Junto a ello, estudiar su posible influencia, tanto en la puesta en marcha de políticas públicas de vacunación, como en el modo de transmitir dicha información a la población en los diferentes contextos sociopolíticos y científico-sanitarios cambiantes del periodo estudiado

Since the end of the 19th century, it has been possible to fight against several viral diseases (smallpox, rabies, influenza, polio, measles, rubella and mumps) that, during the 20th century, had a massive effect on the adult and child population through vaccination programmes established when safe vaccines were available to prevent such diseases. Spain progressively incorporated these preventive measures, especially after its incorporation into the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1951. By the time the General Health Law was enacted in 1986, it had been possible to control and/or eliminate some of these diseases through systematic vaccination. The treatment and monitoring that the Spanish national press has given to the implementation of the vaccination campaigns against these diseases has been little studied. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to analyse the repercussions in the national press of the vaccination campaigns against these viral diseases between 1951 and 1986 and to check whether the written media reflected the global epidemiological measures adopted by WHO to combat them. Besides, to study its possible influence both in the development of public policies of vaccination and in the way how this information was transmitted to the population during the different socio-political and scientific contexts in the studied period

Use of the revised World Health Organization cluster survey methodology to classify measles-rubella vaccination campaign coverage in 47 counties in Kenya, 2016.

INTRODUCTION: To achieve measles elimination, two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) are provided through routine immunization services or vaccination campaigns. In May 2016, Kenya conducted a measles-rubella (MR) vaccination campaign targeting 19 million children aged 9 months-14 years, with a goal of achieving ≥95% coverage. We conducted a post-campaign cluster survey to estimate national coverage and classify coverage in Kenya's 47 counties. METHODS: The stratified multi-stage cluster survey included data from 20,011 children in 8,253 households sampled using the recently revised World Health Organization coverage survey methodology (2015). Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of national campaign coverage were calculated, accounting for study design. County vaccination coverage was classified as 'pass,' 'fail,' or 'intermediate,' using one-sided hypothesis tests against a 95% threshold. RESULTS: Estimated national MR campaign coverage was 95% (95% CI: 94%-96%). Coverage differed significantly (p < 0.05) by child's school attendance, mother's education, household wealth, and other factors. In classifying coverage, 20 counties passed (≥95%), two failed (<95%), and 25 were intermediate (unable to classify either way). Reported campaign awareness among caretakers was 92%. After the 2016 MR campaign, an estimated 93% (95% CI: 92%-94%) of children aged 9 months to 14 years had received ≥2 MCV doses; 6% (95% CI: 6%-7%) had 1 MCV dose; and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.6%-0.9%) remained unvaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: Kenya reached the MR campaign target of 95% vaccination coverage, representing a substantial achievement towards increasing population immunity. High campaign awareness reflected the comprehensive social mobilization strategy implemented in Kenya and supports the importance of including strong communications platforms in future vaccination campaigns. In counties with sub-optimal MR campaign coverage, further efforts are needed to increase MCV coverage to achieve the national goal of measles elimination by 2020.

Guia da Pessoa Idosa Dicas e Direitos / Elderly Person's Guide Tips and Rights

A cartilha ­ Guia da Pessoa Idosa: Dicas e Direitos ­ tem por objetivo oferecer recomendações sobre saúde, serviços, benefícios e leis. Reúne um conjunto de orientações a serem utilizadas no dia a dia por você, que tem mais de 60 anos, e seus familiares. Com isso, o planejamento de ações voltadas aos idosos deixa de ter um enfoque restrito às necessidades, que apenas considera o idoso como indivíduo passivo, para adotar uma abordagem mais ampla, sustentada nos direitos, na igualdade de oportunidades e no exercício da cidadania. Por isso, estamos contribuindo para a busca de caminhos e para a consolidação dessa nova forma de ver e de lidar com o envelhecimento.

Adecuación de pautas vacunales en viajes internacionales. Vacunas en desarrollo / Adecuation of vaccination to the international traveller. Vaccines under development

Los importantes movimientos poblacionales y los viajes a países exóticos tan frecuentes en los tiempos modernos hacen que cada vez más a menudo el médico sea consultado sobre vacunaciones o medidas preventivas que un viajero debería recibir antes de emprender su viaje. Actualmente la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) sólo exige la vacunación de la Fiebre Amarilla cuando se viaje a zonas endémicas así como la vacuna antimeningocócica para entrar en Arabia Saudí, el resto de las vacunas disponibles serán recomendadas según el tipo de viaje y la situación del viajero (AU)

Síndrome de la Muerte Súbita del Lactante (SMSL) Medidas preventivas ambientales para evitar el SMSL / Environmental guidelines reducing the risk of Sudden Infant Death Sindrome (SIDS)

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The impact of immunization control activities on measles outbreaks in middle and low income countries.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommended strategy for responding to measles outbreaks in developing countries does not promote the use of immunization campaigns due to their high cost, disruptive nature and limited impact. Given the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with such outbreaks, a literature review was conducted as a basis for re-evaluating this policy. METHODS: Reports of supplementary immunization activities that were performed to control measles outbreaks in middle or low income countries were identified. The impact of the immunization activities on the course of each outbreak was evaluated by examining the data provided. RESULTS: Of 66 reports detailing a measles outbreak in a middle or low income country, 17 described supplementary immunization activities which included seven 'non-selective' immunization campaigns, three 'selective' campaigns and one use of an early 2-dose schedule. Eight of the reports commented on the impact of the response, five of which reported a reduction in outbreak morbidity. Only one of the reports, from an isolated island outbreak, provided sufficient data to support a possible reduction in outbreak-associated morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: There are limited data on the impact of measles outbreak immunization activities from developing countries. The available data do not support a change in the WHO recommended strategy for conducting a limited, if any, immunization response to such outbreaks. Immunization strategies which aim to prevent outbreaks may be more effective than campaigns to interrupt transmission of an outbreak which has already begun.

PIP: Because of their high cost, disruptive nature, and limited impact, immunization campaigns are not recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in response to measles outbreaks in developing countries. The authors reviewed the available literature to assess whether that WHO policy should stand or be changed. 66 reports were identified detailing a measles outbreak in middle- or low-income countries. 17 of those reports described supplementary immunization activities to control measles outbreaks which included seven nonselective immunization campaigns, three selective campaigns, and one use of an early two-dose schedule. Eight reports commented upon the impact of the intervention, five of which reported a reduction in outbreak morbidity. Only one report, from an isolated island outbreak, provided sufficient data to support a possible reduction in outbreak-associated morbidity. The available data therefore do not support a change in the WHO-recommended strategy. Immunization strategies to prevent outbreaks may be more effective than campaigns to interrupt transmission of an outbreak which has already begun.

Situacao de imunizacao de escolares em uma area urbana de Sao Paulo (Centro de Saude Escola "Professor Samuel B. Pessoa" - Faculdade de Medicina da USP) / Immunization situation of School Children in an Urban Area of Sao Paulo (Centro de Saude Escola \"Prof. Samuel B. Pessoa\") Faculdade de Medicina da U.S.P

Os autores descrevem a situacao de imunizacao de criancas de 6 a 13 anos incompletos estudadas no Centro de Saude Escola "Prof. Samuel B. Pessoa" da Faculdade de Medicina da Univeridade de Sao Paulo. Observou-se que 26,93 por cento das criancas em idade escolar tem imunizacoes incompletas, devendo-se isto principalmente a falta de doses de reforco. Sugerem medidas locais e gerais para melhorar a situacao vacinal